Flavoparmelia haysomii
Synonyms
Parmelia haysomii, Parmelia pseudosorediosa, Pseudoparmelia pseudosorediosa
Family
Parmeliaceae
Flora category
Lichen – Native
Endemic taxon
No
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Structural class
Lichens - Foliose
Current conservation status
2018 | Not Threatened | Qualifiers: SO
Brief description
Characterised by the saxicolous/corticolous habit; the loosely adnate to adnate, pale straw-yellow to yellow-green thalli with conspicuous laminal dactyls, which may be wart-like and closed or erumpent–pustulate and ultimately granular–sorediate; and by the presence in the medulla of protocetraric and caperatic acids.
Distribution
North Island: Northland (Three Kings Islands, Matai Bay, Taipa, Cavalli Islands, Bay of Islands, Poor Knights Islands, Whangarei, Hen & Chickens Islands, Little Barrier Island, Great Barrier Island), Auckland (Rangitoto Island Auckland), South Auckland (Hunua Ranges, Mt Maungatawhiri, Motuhora Island, Waikite Valley, West Taupo), Wellington (Rangitikei Gorge, Kapiti Island). South Island: Nelson (Cobb Valley, St Arnaud Ranges, Black Hill Lake Rotoiti, Red Hill), Marlborough (Chetwode Island, Kaikoura), Canterbury (Banks Peninsula), Otago to Southland. Stewart Island: (Tin Range, Port Pegasus). Auckland Islands. Campbell Island: (Monument Harbour). Macquarie Island.
Known also from Australia.
Habitat
Widespread on rocks and tree bark, occasionally on glass in urban areas, both coastal and inland, also on alpine rocks.
Detailed description
Thallus orbicular to spreading, closely to loosely attached, 5-20 cm diam., corticolous and saxicolous. Lobes large (5-15 mm wide) subirregular, apically rounded with shallowly incised margins. Upper surface plane to undulate, yellowish or green-yellow (usnic aid in upper cortex), smooth, matt, at margins becoming coarsely wrinkled centrally, coarsely pustulate. Pustules large, yellowish-white, globose, laminal, diffuse or coalescing, rarely at margins. Medulla white, often with an orange pigment below pustules. Lower surface wrinkled, black with a narrow, wrinkled, naked brown, marginal zone. Rhizines sparse, simple, black or brown. Apothecia rare, 2-5 mm diam., margins coarsely pustular-sorediate, disc matt or shining dark red-brown. Ascospores 17-24 × 8-13 µm.
Chemistry: Cortex K−, UV−; medulla K−, C−, KC−, Pd+ orange-red; pigmented medulla K+ purple; containing usnic acid, protocetraric acid (major), caperatic acid (major), ±skyrin (in pigmented medulla), ±gyrophoric acid, ±additional unidentified compounds.
Similar taxa
The two other Flavoparmelia species in New Zealand (F. hawardiana and F. soredians) are sorediate and do not have dactyls.
Substrate
Saxicolous, corticolous
Flavoparmelia, in the family Parmeliaceae (Eriksson 2004; Pennycook & Galloway 2004), was proposed by Hale (1985) to accommodate 17 taxa, formerly in the genus Pseudoparmelia and containing usnic acid in the upper cortex. Species of Flavoparmelia have a black lower surface with simple rhizines, a distinct, naked marginal zone and have larger ascospores than other segregates of Pseudoparmelia s. lat. The bifusiform conidia and broadly rounded lobes distinguish Flavoparmelia from Relicinopsis. Thirty-two species are known worldwide, of which three occur in New Zealand, all found on rock, bark, dead wood and old fenceposts, farm gates and railings.
Attribution
Fact sheet prepared by Melissa Hutchison (5 September 2021). Brief description, Distribution, Habitat, Features, and Extra information sections copied from Galloway (1985, 2007).
References and further reading
Eriksson O.E., Baral H.-O., Currah R.S., Hansen K., Kurtzman C.P., Rambold G. & Laessøe T. 2004: Outline of Ascomycota – 2004. Myconet 10: 1-99.
Galloway D.J. 1985: Flora of New Zealand: Lichens. Wellington: PD Hasselberg, Government Printer. 662 pp.
Galloway D.J. 2007: Flora of New Zealand: Lichens, including lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi. 2nd edition. Lincoln, Manaaki Whenua Press. 2261 pp.
Hale M.E. 1985: Flavoparmelia, a new genus in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 25: 603-605.
Pennycook S.R. & Galloway D.J. 2004: Checklist of New Zealand “Fungi”. In: McKenzie, E.H.C. (Ed.) Introduction to fungi of New Zealand. Fungi of New Zealand/Ngā Harore o Aoteroa Volume 1. Fungal Diversity Research Series 14: 401-488.